TL;DR;
A domain is a web address that users type in browsers in order to connect to a website. While websites refer to files and content, domains refer to the location on the web where to find that content. Domains can be rented for variable periods of time from registrars or re-sellers.
What is a web domain?
The definition of a domain is closely related to that of a website. A web domain is the address that internet users type into the browser when they want to directly access a website, without performing a search. If a website can be compared to a home with many rooms (web pages), then the domain is the address for that home. For example, the domain where you are reading this entry is visitor-analytics.io
In the early days of the internet, before the idea of using domain names, websites were accessible if users typed in the IP where the website files were being hosted. But since this was very difficult to remember, the idea of inserting a string of characters between the terminal of the user and that of the website came up.