TikTok is being accused of violating user privacy. Data privacy rules need to be urgently updated because of US and European concerns that China may use TikTok's data harvest to advance its political agenda.

TikTok is considered a threat to national security, according to the FBI. 

Chris Wray, the FBI director, expressed similar worries last month at a meeting of the House Homeland Security Committee, saying that the app might be used by China's Communist Party to exert influence through TikTok's potent recommendation algorithm, user data collection, or the manipulation of software for espionage.

Texas senator Ted Cruz has denounced it as “a Trojan horse the Chinese Communist party can use to influence what Americans see, hear, and ultimately think”.

Read more about this topic on The Guardian website.

Although claims that TikTok provides user data to the Chinese government have not yet been proven, the app's reputation for reliability took a hit in December when it came to light that ByteDance employees had accessed TikTok data in an effort to track down the whereabouts of several foreign journalists in order to learn who their sources were at the company.

Although TikTok claims the event entailed unlawful data access and that the employees responsible have been fired, the infraction has nonetheless served as a focal point for concerns regarding the business and the app's data privacy policies.

In light of how the firm intends to comply with the EU's new digital services regulation, TikTok met with European commissioners last month to discuss data protection and content moderation.

Belgian MEP Tom Vandendriessche stated that “They’re starting to realise that TikTok is not just another app to communicate, or send videos to one another, or for amusement,”. “TikTok is gathering the data of our citizens.”

In Europe, the discourse is a little different. The bloc hasn't been as eager to pick out TikTok based on the location of its parent business up to this point. 

The app is being examined due to concerns about data privacy: in 2021, Ireland's data protection commissioner launched two investigations into the business, one looking into how it handled children's data, and another examining if data transfers to China were compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other privacy laws.

How seriously should you take the warnings no matter where you are? 

The claims, according to some tech experts, are slightly exaggerated. According to Graham Webster, research scholar and editor in chief of the DigiChina Project at the Stanford University Cyber Policy Center in California, there is currently a lack of solid evidence supporting the concerns about data privacy and content manipulation mentioned by politicians.

“I think both of these theories are possible, but at this point, they both require a significant amount of imagination to actually constitute a US national security threat,” says Webster.

“But you would have to make an argument for why that access can be used in such a way that constitutes a national security threat,” he says.

This is due to TikTok's data not being particularly distinctive. Although the program can track location information, it must first ask users before doing so. 

If the user declines, just an approximate location can be determined. In fact, a TikTok spokeswoman maintains that this is the reason why its workers' attempts to trace journalists were unsuccessful. 

Additionally, the same information is captured by a variety of apps and is frequently sold to data brokers who then make it available to potential customers.

“There are lots of ways that foreign governments can access data in the United States,” says Anupam Chander, professor of law and technology at Georgetown University Law Center, Washington DC. “TikTok seems to be an unlikely target of data gathering by the Chinese government, because of the largely public nature of the activity on the app.”

Similar plans are currently being made by TikTok in Europe. The business is establishing a data center in Ireland to house user data from the UK and the EU.

These arrangements are a welcomed since the loss of TikTok would deprive the 90 million or more Americans who use it of free speech rights, and ruin their equity in their products and followers, the authors said in reference to the costs involved with a prospective ban. Additionally, it would inspire other nations to enact techno-nationalist and data protectionist measures, which would negatively impact social media companies with US headquarters.

It remains to be seen what the outcome of the FBI's investigation will be and whether TikTok will be banned in the United States. However, the controversy highlights the growing concerns about the security of social media apps and the need for greater transparency and oversight of their data collection practices.